Preterm births are a leading cause of death in under five worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as births that occur after 20 weeks and before 37 weeks of gestation. Preterm births can either be spontaneous or induced/ iatrogenic and afflict about 15 million children every year, one million or whom die. Bacterial infections are hypothesized to increase the risk of preterm labour and birth. However, bacterial species associated with such outcomes are poorly described. REVIEW OF LITERATURE According to the World Health Organization (WHO), preterm birth refers to any birth that occurs before 37 weeks of completed gestations, and is further divided into three levels (moderate or late preterm (32–<37 weeks), very preterm (28–<32 weeks), and extremely preterm (<28 weeks) based on gestation. It is a common occurrence globally with close to 15 million neonates thought to be afflicted (1). Of the 15 million cases, more than 84% of cases are moderate or late preterm,