Hypothyroidism is prominent among women, but male cases are also common, especially in the over-fifty age group. People who suffer from diabetes and other diseases that induce hormonal imbalances also have a high risk of developing hypothyroidism. Here are some common symptoms:
Lethargy or Fatigue
The thyroid gland regulates breakdown and usage of proteins, carbohydrates, and other food groups. When it malfunctions, underproduction of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) occurs. The body then loses its ability to regulate energy use, causing lethargy and sever fatigue. Muscle crumps, sore muscles, swollen knees, and perpetually sore joints are other common symptoms (1).
Unexplained Weight Gain
Cells can become less receptive to sugar. In turn, the body converts and stores excess sugar as fat, causing unexplained weight gain.
Constipation
Hypothyroidism can slow down the body’s metabolic rate directly. When this happens, the body struggles to break down food, causing constipation (2).
Stress and Depression
Hypothyroidism affects the production of "feel-good" hormones such as melatonin. When this happens, you will experience unexplained stress and bouts of depression that never seem to resolve.
Heavy menstrual periods, high serum cholesterol level, brittle fingernails and hair, and cold sensitivity are other common manifestations.
Goiter
As hypothyroidism advances, the pituitary gland enlarges to form a goiter. The facial area becomes puffy. In severe cases, the pituitary gland can constrict the esophagus, making breathing and talking difficult (2).
References
1. Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Ntalles K. Hypothyroidism - new aspects of an old disease. Hippokratia. 2010 Apr;14(2):82–7.
2. El-Shafie KT. Clinical presentation of hypothyroidism. J Fam community Med. 2003 Jan;10(1):55–8.
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